Crimean-Congo Virus Outbreak

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As Above So Below
Gruesome ‘nose-bleed fever’ death toll rises to 18 as tick-borne virus spreads

“Nose-bleed fever” is as gruesome as it sounds.

More technically called Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, the tick-borne virus has been detected in some 120 people in Iraq since January — including 18 who have died from the disease — health officials have warned, fearing an escalating spread.

The onset of illness causes rapid and severe internal and external bleeding in infected patients, including through the nose, hence its nickname “nose-bleed fever.” Though the virus is hosted in ticks, most individuals pick it up by coming in contact with infected animal blood — usually occurring among those who work with livestock and in slaughterhouses.

The virus is not novel, but it is rare — and apparently spreading at an unprecedented rate throughout Iraq.

Between 10 and 40 percent of cases will die from the disease. Aside from profuse bleeding and potential death, early symptoms include fever, body aches, dizziness, neck pain, headache and sore eyes. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat and brain fog have also been observed in infected patients, according to the World Health Organization.

Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi also allocated 1 billion dinars to spraying livestock farms with pesticides to rid them of host ticks, especially in the southern province of Dhi Qar — the current epicenter of the outbreak where more than half of recent cases have originated. Meanwhile, veterinary clinics have also been issued pesticides, according to Iraq’s agricultural ministry, which urges the country’s citizens to purchase meat only from licensed suppliers.

The rise in cases of nose-bleed fever may be blamed, in part, on the nation’s failure to see through pesticide-spraying campaigns in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Ahmed Zouiten, the WHO’s representative in Iraq.

Seif al-Badr with Iraq’s health ministry told Agence France-Presse earlier this month, “We have not yet reached the stage of an epidemic, but the infections are higher than last year.” He added, “The procedures adopted by the different authorities are not up to par, particularly with regards to unregulated slaughters.”


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nivek

As Above So Below
Tick-Borne Disease Part II: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

(Excerpt)

At present there is a serious outbreak in Iraq of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, a rare but deadly tick-borne disease. This is not the first time, as it is endemic to many parts of Africa and the Middle East, but this outbreak is more severe than is usually seen. The World Health Organization received reports from Iraq of 212 cases, 46% of which were laboratory confirmed.

There have been 27 fatalities so far, and the death toll is expected to continue to rise.


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As Above So Below
Two cases of nose-bleed fever reported in India, one dies

India has reported two cases, including the death of a 55-year-old woman, from the deadly nose-bleed fever, which is witnessing an alarming rise in Iraq, where at least 18 people have died.

But, nose-bleed fever or Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), which results in a high mortality rate of nearly 2 out of 5, hasn’t led to an outbreak, as India is fully equipped to handle the virus that can lead to an epidemic, according to top scientists of Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology (ICMR-NIV), which is a referral laboratory for the diagnosis of CCHF.

Both the cases were reported from Bhavnagar in Gujarat in March and April respectively, Dr Pragya Yadav, scientist and group leader of Maximum Containment Laboratory at NIV, Pune, told this newspaper.

The 55-year-old woman died of the viral disease, which causes rapid and severe internal and external bleeding in infected patients, including through the nose, in April. A housewife, she used to look after livestock at her house and was later found to be infected following the tick bite. Later samples collected from her house found the livestock were infected too, Yadav said.

The first case in India was reported in March in a 39-year-old man, a construction worker, who survived. He used to rear livestock at his house.

“The two cases were quickly detected because of India’s quick and active surveillance system,” said Yadav, who was recently awarded for her work in developing Covid-19 vaccine, Covaxin. "The viral disease has been controlled and contained and there is no need to panic."

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the virus is primarily transmitted to people from ticks and livestock animals. Human-to-human transmission can occur resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons.

It is endemic in all of Africa, the Balkans, the Middle East and in Asia. It is difficult to prevent and treat the viral disease.

(More on the link)

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