Heavy Science. Time Travel.

Wait are you saying, Subspace exists?
Nobody uses that term so I assume that he's talking about the quantum vacuum (the nature of the quantum field of space in the absence of discrete matter and energy). There are several competing models of the quantum vacuum, each with its own merits and demerits, so it's an on-going controversy in theoretical physics.

The quantum Vaccum Leads into Zero point field.
That's one interpretation. Most of the models in this class of interpretation prohibit any extraction of useful energy from the vacuum fluctuations that are postulated to exist, but there are others that leave open the possibility for extracting work from the quantum vacuum. If the latter is correct, we have no credible evidence of it in the public sector - but that doesn't mean that it's impossible, just that it's unproven.

Like I said, it's a lot to go over - we should start a new thread about it.
 

Shadowprophet

Truthiness
Nobody uses that term so I assume that he's talking about the quantum vacuum (the nature of the quantum field of space in the absence of discrete matter and energy). There are several competing models of the quantum vacuum, each with its own merits and demerits, so it's an on-going controversy in theoretical physics.


That's one interpretation. Most of the models in this class of interpretation prohibit any extraction of useful energy from the vacuum fluctuations that are postulated to exist, but there are others that leave open the possibility for extracting work from the quantum vacuum. If the latter is correct, we have no credible evidence of it in the public sector - but that doesn't mean that it's impossible, just that it's unproven.
Casual is pretty in tune He's very deep, I assume he was speaking about the Quantum vacuum, My thing is I'm all about definitions of words. So I hit a glitch on subspace, But you are most likely right. By the way. I was listening To the pad-O-Matic Episodes. I'm very impressed.
 

Gambeir

Celestial
BTW & FYI.. this is the last post I'm going to make of such length. Too damn much energy and time wasting on this.

You're making the totally unsupportable assumption that you know the top speed of these devices - you can't possibly know that Mach 40 or 50 is their top speed. More likely, that's the top speed that we could measure. There are lots of cases where these devices seem to simply vanish instantaneously, and that could simply mean that they moved too fast to see.

That's true enough. If they can defy gravity they should then be capable of FTL (faster than light speed) and that would be logical given the fact they appear to nullify gravity.

However, the fact that they appear to defy gravity still doesn't make them alien ships. It just makes them some alternative form of technology, and that's the real issue because if they aren't alien ships then that means one of two things: One, either physics we are using must be faulty or entirely wrong, or the other alternative is that it's missing or has been willfully neglectful in incorporating other ideas which might then unveil what is manifestly obvious, which is that very advanced gravity defying machines are present here in our own airspace and which are almost certain to be of human construction.


There's no theoretical limit to the upper velocity of a gravitational field propulsion system, and these devices exhibit all of the expected performance characteristics of that kind of propulsion mechanism. In fact gravitational field propulsion is the only propulsion principle in the canon of physics which permits, at least theoretically, superluminal speeds. No other physical mechanism can boast that claim, because matter and fields in all other contexts are limited by the speed of light.

Yes I agree; even the ARV was said to be FTL or super~luminal capable and that is supposed to be a human designed and built vehicle as well.


So, given the eerily consistent performance characteristic exhibited by the craft we've observed for the last 70+ years, they're using a gravitational field propulsion system, and that in turn means that they could be arriving here from another star system many light-years away, in an arbitrarily short span of time, with no time dilation effects. In principle, they could get here from another star in an hour, for example - the speed would only be limited to the field intensity capabilities of their technology.

Yes, I understand.


That's faulty logic. Our greatest interest in other worlds is finding life, and more specifically, finding intelligent life. If we could travel to any world in our galactic vicinity, and of 10,000 candidates we knew that one in particularly showed promise for being a habitable living world, then that's the one we'd visit for study.

It's not especially more faulty than your own logic. We cannot know the values of alien life forms. The simple fact that Einsteinian Physics cannot adequately explain a reasonable means to control or otherwise manipulate gravitational forces does not preclude the fact that others using alternative theories have succeeded, and in fact the historical evidence is overwhelmingly in favor of that proposal which is far more rational.

What's more believable: That aliens are visiting us, or that Boeing now has antigraviational vehicles? What's more believable; that the Nazi's who never abandoned unconventional thinking made breakthrough discoveries and which were then incorporated in to the kelptocracy of our now hijacked governments, or that aliens decided to check up on me by parking their ship over my house ....and just by chance huh? What are the astronomical odds of that happening?
Seriously, I am to believe that now that I'm so interesting that aliens now come from other Stars just to see where I live: is that what I'm supposed to think?


We're already finding warm Earth-like worlds orbiting other stars in our galactic vicinity via the Kepler Mission. So any civilization as technologically advanced as ours could do the same. And any civilization that's even more advanced than us - say, civilizations with warp field propulsion capabilities, would probably not only be capable of finding the earth, but also identifying the signatures of widespread biological processes in our atmosphere, and perhaps even the signature of artificial light on the side shadowed by the Sun. And they'd probably also notice the thousands of enormous EMP blasts produced every time we've detonated a nuclear warhead.

The fact that they are searching for Warm Earth Like Worlds should cause you to take pause and consider why, especially since according to you we are never getting off this mud ball since Einsteinian Physic's rules out any one elses ideas, and even this so called mass cancellation test might not work, and so why then bother if that's the case? Who cares and what's the point of knowing? Might as well be complete fiction for all it matters if that's the case.

When are you going to realize that the corporate dictators already have FTL ships and that the reason they are looking for other worlds isn't what you have assumed it was about.

Supposedly it was the detonation of nuclear weapons which evidently stands out in the matter, and apparently this has to do with effecting FTL (faster than Light speed) communications.

Well that shoots your theory out of the water, then. Because we have reports of these craft exhibiting the dramatic flight characteristics of a gravitational field propulsion system from that same time, and earlier (the Foo Fighters, for example). It takes time to develop a theory of operation, to run experiments with it, to manufacture prototypes, and to then produce working devices. Developing a field propulsion technology with the capabilities widely reported throughout the 40s would take decades, at a minimum. Out here in the public sector, we still haven't been able to move a grain of sand in a lab setting using gravitational field technology. In fact we haven't even been able to envision a feasible technological approach to that kind of technology. So the idea that anyone on Earth had fully functioning craft using this form of propulsion 70 years ago is inconceivable.

Foo Fighters are very interesting but cannot be assumed to be alien vehicles. They are a very interesting topic in their own right.

The most likely explanations for Foo Fighters lies with only two possible explanations: German inventiveness, and then again with the astrophysics of our own star's predilection's, annoying I know, but in reality the cause for World War II is most likely a driven need to create technology spurred on by sighting of so~called foo fighters.

Almost certainly most foo fighters were natural phenomena and can be explained as invading plasmoids. The observed phenomena may have lead the Nazi Scientist's to create an artificial sort of electric bolide to mimic these in yet another crack pot scheme for air defense. Evidently not entirely unsuccessfully.

So you see, one hypotheses for consideration with foo fighers has to do with the causation of the last Global War being an engineered war specifically created as means to develop technology, and so this global war is really a story about lost civilizations and lost and misunderstood data which forecast dramatic earth changes. This misunderstood data was encoded in religious artifacts, and the data presumably predicts dramatic earth changes consequent from our own Star's pathway around the Galactic Core. These are things we now know are true and accurate.

It's a curious fact of history that the very first thing Adolf Hitler did after the fall of France was to board his armored train and visit the tiny village of Hendaye to view the stone monument called the Cross of Hendaye. Never mind what the imbeciles on Wikipedia say about this monument, in reality it forecasts a galactic crossing which signifies earth changes. The only possible conclusion is that Hitler understood what this monument represented and so he must have understood his role was supposedly about a greater plan of human survival, or so he must have believed. This is one example of record which we know of that strongly support the idea that the last global war was engineered specifically for the purposes of putting entire nation states in the business of creating technology.

Things which we now recognize as happening were evidently forecast by data encoded in religious artifacts, and which seem to have been encoded in this form because it is the most likely form to survive for future generations, such is the power of religious programming. Evidently some sort of comprehension of this was understood by some scholars.

So presumably a fractured history survived from the last global wide disaster. An event which may have taken place several 20 or so thousands of years ago and which wasn't fully comprehended until much later by more contemporary researchers and scientists of various fields.

However, due to the religious nature of the surviving data it was realized much earlier, long before the Second Global War, that a series of mistakes and misunderstanding had obscured the encoded time line, but not the understanding of what that time line foretold, which is one of a sort of Galactic Armageddon. One which is forecast to happen as a matter of our Star's own predilections for orbiting about the Galactic Core, whilst also weaving about in great orbitals that take it and our earth and every other planet far outside of the energy forces which lie in the galactic plane.

Far from what has been claimed by some, these weaving orbits take many thousands of years, and no surviving complete history of one cycle exists, but it is known that these orbits have two different results depending on which way our solar system is heading.

On the left is a depiction of the Solar Systems movements about and through the galactic plane of energy. On the right is a depiction of the major arms of the Milky Way Galaxy, which is our galaxy.
universe-spiral.jpg


The rate and intensity of cosmic rays which reach our solar system depend exclusively on the state of the Heliosphere of our Sun which is directly effected by it's relationship spacial to the galactic plane. As the Sun moves through the galactic plane, the number and intensity of high energy particles that penetrate the Suns Heliosphere increases because the interstellar Medium (ISM) becomes denser.

According to Alexey N. Dmitriev whose study of the plasma density on the edges of the solar system showed that beginning int the 1960's the plasma around the outer edges of our solar system was around 10 astronomical units, but by the the middle of the 1990s it became 100 astronomical units.

So what the message was actually about is what we are being told is man made global warming. However, it is apparent that long ago these events were forecast for our time, but there was a problem because a great error had occurred by the holy record keepers, they had screwed up the dating by fiddling with dating, and so rather suddenly it was realized that disaster was much closer than previously thought. This realization caused a crash course program to develop what appears to be needed survival technology for the next presumed Galactic Armageddon.

That's absurd. General relativity (GR) has not only described all known gravitational phenomena to extremely high precision (to within the limits of even modern observational acuity), but it also predicted a raft of entirely new and unexpected phenomena, like gravitational waves, which have recently been detected for the first time - a century after they were first predicted. General relativity's enormous theoretical and observational utility is only matched by quantum field theory (QFT). And GR has done this with a far more elegant theoretical framework than QFT. So it's the greatest scientific achievement in the history of physics, indisputably.

The only thing that's absurd is when loyalty to a petrified opinion blinds one to the reality of observed truths.

This is exactly wrong: general relativity has provided the only viable explanation for the performance characteristics of the AAV phenomenon. The only remaining difficulty is a technological one, not a theoretical one. GR explicitly describes how these craft are propelling themselves - we just can't emulate it yet.

The fact that you can explain something doesn't mean it's correct. Hasn't it occurred to you that all criminals will tell you the way it works without including their own participation? Don't you realize that's why you are being told this is how it works, and this is the math that proves it's right, and for this very same reason?

If you weren't so pig headed and blind and more willing to take into account the mistaken assumptions of GR then possibly you might actually be able to get where observed phenomena already is.

What "grand failure?" In every applicable regime, GR has triumphed. In fact, in every testable scenario, we still haven't been able to find even a tiny deviation from its predictions.

This is the problem you don't see a failure. You see success where everyone else around you see's disaster. It isn't a success if you can claim to know and understand gravity but yet again cannot hope to clue us in on how to control it without having some sort of fission like energy source. That's not a success. It's bullshit is what it is in my opinion.
It's the same kind of BS story every liar has to tell.

. Good Lord, so I construct the perfect crime and even though no one believes me, and everyone thinks I did the crime, and yet still no detective can prove I'm guilty with hard evidence, and so on that basis then I must be assumed innocent? So now is that how things work in science these days? Describing something so as to make if fit a story line is known as fabrication.

Try reversing your reasoning here Morrison. Pretend for a moment that you're a sort of criminal whose a member of an elite club, and your job is to construct an iconic platform of supposed scientific reasoning which will be used to explain gravity and hence everything else, but which no conceivable device known will be available to test this theory for several hundred years, because the energy requirements rule that possible refutation out.

Suppose also that this theory must be able to explain other phenomena with enough creativity so as to be able to obfuscate other possible explanations such that it still remains a valid theory based on mathematical proofs.

Now do you think that if you had people like say Werner von braun at your disposal you might be able to do that? I think that if I had Albert Einstein, Paul Dirac, and few others I might be able to construct just such probable story line.


I see that you still haven't looked at that Clifford Will review paper that I've cited here on multiple occasions. All non-metric theories of gravitation have been ruled out. Spacetime is a manifold and distortions in that manifold produce gravitational accelerations. The theory and the observations affirm that model perfectly and in concert. To deny it is an expression of ignorance.

Why would I read something which according to you proves that gravity control is hopelessly far away and we are all just stuck forever with your failed science model?

Meanwhile overhead the USAF gives me and everyone else on the planet the flying finger of fate courtesy of Boeing and the Billionaires Boys club.


Telsa predicted none of the gravitational phenomena that we know about today – Einstein’s theory did. And the principle of the atomic bomb is founded on his famous equation E = mc^2, so he may not have thought it feasible at first (he wasn’t a nuclear physicist, after all), but it couldn’t have been built without his equation. Same goes for nuclear power plants, the LIGO facilities around the world, the gravitational lensing effects that astronomers now use routinely, the Global Positioning System, and the Large Hadron Collider – all of our greatest accomplishments today are due in large part to Einstein’s theories of relativity, and we still haven’t fully exploited the power of his theories. So your cynicism about his work is totally unfounded.

Remind me of that cynicism next time I turn the lights on huh? Nobody knows what Telsa may have formulated since all his papers were stolen or classified under national security right? So probably a reason for that I'd imagine.

That’s why the huge body of observational and experimental confirmation of his theoretical work is so central to this argument.

It's only central because you're blind to any other possible explanations and won't hear of any other. Not because others wouldn't like to hear them.

Gravitation is not magnetism, we know this. Gravitation is a rank-2 tensor field, magnetism is a rank-1 field. So magnetism cannot model gravitation; it’s insufficiently complex, and the magnitude of the gravitational field is given correctly by the mass-energy content of a physical body, not the strength of its magnetic field. If gravity were simply a form of magnetism, diamagnetic materials like bismuth would fall away from the Earth into space. So this notion makes no sense.

Oh brother, just because you've invented some excuse for why it can't be, doesn't mean it isn't actually so? OK? Liars invent stories to make their own case seem innocent, and evidently physicists have been taking notes how to prove they too are right. Who knew that prison college courses could result in such a combination?

Did I say that magnetism was gravity or did I say gravity was matter held together by magnetism and then put in orbital planes of inertial force? I think it was the later of the two.

In any event, again another demonstration on your part what's wrong with the logic, because my good man magnetic forces are not like gravitational fields which are static. OK? Think about it.
 
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CasualBystander

Celestial
To get the discussion back to time travel (I'll open a subspace/quantum vacuum/empty space thread soon before that discussion gets out of hand).

What exactly is time and is it quantized?

The many worlds interpretation is problematic because it forks exponentially (each fork spawns another universe that forks).

Because some of the particles are different - each new universe can't be a projection of the same matter with a different relationship matrix.

But anyway - if time isn't quantized what does it mean to go back in time to something that isn't actually a fixed or definable point?
 
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Shadowprophet

Truthiness
To get the discussion back to time travel (I'll open a subspace/quantum vacuum/empty space thread soon before that discussion gets out of hand).

What exactly is time and is it quantized?

The many worlds interpretation is problematic because it forks exponentially (each fork spawns another universe that forks).

Because some of the particles are different - each new universe can't be a projection of the same matter with a different relationship matrix.

But anyway - if time isn't quantized what does it mean to go back in time to something that isn't actually a fixed or definable point?
When it comes to time as a Quantum property. This is where I have to just shut up and learn. I've thought of time in every way I'm able to, except as a quantum system. This is where I get quiet. The water is getting deep here. Trying to stay afloat. I don't even know If I'm able to view time as Quantum, Not that it can't be,,, That's it's too complicated for me to conceive. It's something I'd struggle with.
 
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which is that very advanced gravity defying machines are present here in our own airspace and which are almost certain to be of human construction.
On what basis are you “almost certain” of this? Because given that zero credible evidence for this claim exists anywhere that I’ve ever seen –and I’ve looked, hard – humans haven’t learned how to build a device that can leap from a dead stop to 28,000mph in .39 second, and then come to a dead stop again at the same rate. The Pentagon concluded that no such technology exists in the inventory of any terrestrial nation. Which isn’t surprising – global civilization still hasn’t produced a detectable gravitational field in the lab – not even to a miniscule degree. So you’re “almost certainly” is based on zero credible scientific evidence.

The simple fact that Einsteinian Physics cannot adequately explain a reasonable means to control or otherwise manipulate gravitational forces
This is wrong. GR gave us the theory of gravitational field propulsion, which is exactly the form of field propulsion mechanism that these devices all seem to employ. So without GR we would have no understanding of how these devices propel themselves. Like I said, it’s a technological problem, not a theoretical one.

GR also provides the explicit requirements necessary to produce a gravitational field in the lab, and there’s a paper out there about it. Using a pair of very large superconductive magnets and a new type of resonant laser interferometer, we could create a miniscule gravitational field in the lab and detect it with the interferometer. But it’s a very expensive proposal, and it hasn’t been funded because it would only verify GR in a new way, and most scientists think that’s unnecessary because GR is already is very well-established experimentally, theoretically, and observationally.

others using alternative theories have succeeded
Nope. There’s zero credible evidence for that.

What's more believable: That aliens are visiting us, or that Boeing now has antigraviational vehicles?
That aliens are visiting us. Because astrophysics and astrobiology inform us that habitable worlds are ridiculously common in the universe, and there’s zero evidence that humans can build the kinds of devices widely reported by witnesses and radar operators for over 70 years.

What's more believable; that the Nazi's who never abandoned unconventional thinking made breakthrough discoveries and which were then incorporated in to the kelptocracy of our now hijacked governments, or that aliens decided to check up on me by parking their ship over my house ....and just by chance huh?
There’s zero credible historical evidence that the Nazis ever made a single breakthrough in gravitational technology. Die Glock is an urban myth originally told by one guy who had no evidence to support his claims.

I have no idea why such a craft would hover over your house. Maybe they’re studying your brain. Or it could be a chance event – maybe they wanted to take a lunch break and hovering over your house was a convenient place to pull over for a few minutes. Motives, or the lack therefore, are impossible to ascribe to any anomalous event like this. Perhaps they admired your tulip garden and stopped to take pictures…who knows.

The fact that they are searching for Warm Earth Like Worlds should cause you to take pause and consider why, especially since according to you we are never getting off this mud ball since Einsteinian Physic's rules out any one elses ideas
Astronomers are looking for warm Earth-like worlds because it’s interesting.

I never said that gravitational field propulsion is unreachable, only that we evidently haven’t figured out the technology yet. GR describes the required parameters – without GR we wouldn’t even know that much. Our technology will eventually evolve to attain the field of “applied general relativity,” we’re just not there yet, by all indications.

When are you going to realize that the corporate dictators already have FTL ships
When I see any kind of credible evidence for it?

Almost certainly most foo fighters were natural phenomena and can be explained as invading plasmoids.
“Invading plasmoids,” eh? That’s a new one on me.

The only thing that's absurd is when loyalty to a petrified opinion blinds one to the reality of observed truths.
It’s like you read my mind. All of our high-precision scientific observations confirm the validity of GR. That’s “the reality of observed truths.” You’ve offered zero credible data to support any of your objections to GR or your advocacy of unspecified and most likely bunk pseudoscience like that Dutch architect’s nonsensical foray into theoretical physics.

The fact that you can explain something doesn't mean it's correct.
If the explanation is accompanied by a precise mathematical formula that can readily be used to produce a raft of high-precision scientific predictions, which are then subsequently verified by observational and experimental evidence, then that means that the theory is correct. That’s how science works.

It isn't a success if you can claim to know and understand gravity but yet again cannot hope to clue us in on how to control it without having some sort of fission like energy source. That's not a success. It's bullshit is what it is in my opinion.
You have zero basis in fact to conclude that gravitational control can be achieved without harnessing extremely intense levels of energy – your argument is 100% based on wishful thinking and highly dubious fringe claims by cranks posting gibberish on the interweb. Neither provide a rational basis for clear thinking.

But like I said before, we could produce an incredibly tiny gravitational field in the lab using a pair of powerful superconductive magnets, no nnuclear reactor required.

no conceivable device known will be available to test this theory for several hundred years
GR has been verified in every way that we’ve been able to imagine testing it, short of manufacturing a gravitational field in the lab – which we could do, but haven’t done yet.

Now do you think that if you had people like say Werner von braun at your disposal you might be able to do that? I think that if I had Albert Einstein, Paul Dirac, and few others I might be able to construct just such probable story line.
This is pure paranoid speculation. Physicists don’t think like this. And in any case, no – it’s inconceivable that GR is some kind of rouse to mislead the world for over a century of experimental observation and verification.

You’re mistaking the normal, natural evolution of science, for some insidious conspiracy. GR and QFT are both brilliantly successful theories in their realms of applicability, but they’re not the final word on physics, because we haven’t been able to unify them into a single theory yet. Einstein tried to develop that unified field theory, and he failed. Many others have also tried, and failed. The most brilliant minds on the planet are earnestly trying to figure it out. Eventually, somebody will.

Why would I read something which according to you proves that gravity control is hopelessly far away and we are all just stuck forever with your failed science model?
1.) Reading about a theory that you want to discredit is a rational thing to do – you can’t challenge a theory if you don’t know the evidence in favor of it, and the limits of that evidence.

2.) Learning about the subject you’re trying to debate is always a good idea.

3.) I never said that gravitational technology is “hopelessly far away” – stop putting words in my mouth. I only said that we haven’t figured out how to do it yet in a manner that can produce a viable aerial craft. That could change tomorrow. And I mean that literally: it appears that Dr. Puthoff and Dr. Davis may be studying a sample of alien metamaterial right now, and that sample may hold the key to a gravitational field propulsion technology. If so, it seems that we’ll have to develop a manufacturing process capable of arranging atoms throughout such a material at level of perfect atomic alignment – that’s not going to be easy…but it’s doable, with enough R&D funding and development time.

Nobody knows what Telsa may have formulated since all his papers were stolen or classified under national security right? So probably a reason for that I'd imagine.
I’ve studied Telsa intensely and I have all of his patents. Telsa loved to brag to the press about his pending inventions, and among those, he described a death ray and an invisible defense shield – that’s probably why they stole his research papers. He never said that he’d cracked the mystery of gravity control, so it’s probably safe to say that he never did. And knowing what we know today, it’s all but certain that he never produced an antigravity device of any kind, because we know from a 100 years of physics research that such a thing was way beyond the technological capabilities of his era. In fact is still appears to be far beyond our technological capabilities today, a century later. But that could change at any moment.

It's only central because you're blind to any other possible explanations and won't hear of any other.
So your alternative is to ignore the vast and diverse body of experimental and observational evidence acquired regarding this subject over the past century, because it doesn’t suit your wishful thinking that some non-existent theory can do better than GR. That’s your problem, not mine.

Did I say that magnetism was gravity or did I say gravity was matter held together by magnetism
We know this is untrue – the magnetic field of atoms is very easy to measure, and that’s not what’s holding atoms together. Chemical bonding is very, very well understood, and it involves ionic bonds and covalent bonds and metallic bonds, none of which are magnetic in nature – they’re electrostatic in nature.
 
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To get the discussion back to time travel (I'll open a subspace/quantum vacuum/empty space thread soon before that discussion gets out of hand).

What exactly is time and is it quantized?

The many worlds interpretation is problematic because it forks exponentially (each fork spawns another universe that forks).

Because some of the particles are different - each new universe can't be a projection of the same matter with a different relationship matrix.

But anyway - if time isn't quantized what does it mean to go back in time to something that isn't actually a fixed or definable point?
Time is a fascinating and unsolved mystery. It appears to be a dimension, like space, because the two are equivalent in special relativity and general relativity. But it's weird that it moves in one direction, unlike space, which has no preferred direction.

It doesn't appear that time is quantized, or space for that matter, because we see no signs of granularity in either. It's possible that there is a granularity to one or both, but that we simply can't detect it. Loop quantum gravity theorists are exploring granular spacetime models presently - some of their work is looking very promising. I saw a lecture by one such researcher at The Perimeter Institute recently that involved a Planck-scale spacetime matrix. It seems like a highly speculative theoretical research direction, but a worthwhile one - quantizing spacetime seems like an intuitive direction to look for a unified field theory.
 

CasualBystander

Celestial
Time is a fascinating and unsolved mystery. It appears to be a dimension, like space, because the two are equivalent in special relativity and general relativity. But it's weird that it moves in one direction, unlike space, which has no preferred direction.

It doesn't appear that time is quantized, or space for that matter, because we see no signs of granularity in either. It's possible that there is a granularity to one or both, but that we simply can't detect it. Loop quantum gravity theorists are exploring granular spacetime models presently - some of their work is looking very promising. I saw a lecture by one such researcher at The Perimeter Institute recently that involved a Planck-scale spacetime matrix. It seems like a highly speculative theoretical research direction, but a worthwhile one - quantizing spacetime seems like an intuitive direction to look for a unified field theory.

Given that time is frame dependent... what does granular time mean???

If all the clocks run at different rates... how does the clock at the edge of a black hole run slower???

Does it change at say every one hundred or every one thousand ticks? IE some "clock" pulses are ignored, or does it change at a slower rate?

This is the "does the universe have a master clock" question.
 
Given that time is frame dependent... what does granular time mean???

If all the clocks run at different rates... how does the clock at the edge of a black hole run slower???

Does it change at say every one hundred or every one thousand ticks? IE some "clock" pulses are ignored, or does it change at a slower rate?

This is the "does the universe have a master clock" question.
There's definitely no "master clock" for the universe. One of the weird things about the FLRW metric model of cosmology is the way it handles references frames at cosmic scales: each galaxy cluster is considered to be an independent local reference frame, and all of these references frames are flying away from each other via the Hubble expansion. So at any scale larger than a galaxy cluster, parts of that reference frame have an intrinsic velocity - in other words, at cosmological scales the "rest frame" between galaxy clusters acquires motion proportional to distance. And since all of the galaxy clusters have secondary motions in addition to the Hubble expansion, comparing clocks becomes a very messy business. But it does allow us to make general assessments for the universe overall, so that's how we arrive at a model of cosmic evolution so we can chart cosmological processes going back to the Big Bang.

There are a few ways to think about granular time; the most obvious way would be akin to the Planck scale - it could be that there's a minimum unit of time similar to a minimum dimension of space: nothing could happen in an interval shorter than that unit of time. Or it could be similar to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle - time could get "fuzzy" at smaller and smaller scales; at extremely short intervals there could be an increasing limit to measuring a time interval. Here's an article about that idea, where physicists looked at combining general relativity with quantum mechanics to create a unified model of time. I kinda like that idea - it reminds me of similar efforts to model the singularity of a black hole using general relativity and quantum mechanics, where the singularity can't be a point because of the Heisenberg uncertainty relation between position and momentum, which eliminates the problem of infinite spacetime curvature at the singularity.

These kinds of questions highlight the problems that we have to face in lieu of a unified field theory - we're groping in the dark in these scenarios where both general relativity and quantum mechanics have to be considered, but these kinds of efforts seem like reasonable approaches, given what we know about both theories. It would be better to codify them into a single equation, but the mathematics are simply incompatible, so the best we can do involves these types of educated guesses.

You can think of time dilation as a rotation. For example, say you want to compare 100 seconds of your time in the rest frame, with the rate of time for an accelerated observer. You can rotate that 100 second length at the pivot point where you began counting - there's a specific angle of rotation between time in your reference frame, and time in the accelerated reference frame, which depends on the magnitude of the acceleration. So when you measure the time in that accelerated reference frame at a perpendicular angle from your own reference frame (i.e., the cosine of that angle), you can see the precise magnitude of the time dilation between your reference frame and the other. You haven't "skipped" any moments in your counting - you've simply rotated the "time ruler" with respect to your position. In SR and GR that rotation is perfectly smooth, because velocity can be measured to an infinite resolution. But it would be fascinating if, one day, we found that velocity is quantized. which would be reasonable if space and time are quantized at a very fine level beyond our current observational acuity.

As far as a black hole goes, or any example of gravitational time dilation for that matter, it's important to remember that these things are purely relative. Time is moving more slowly on the Earth than in space, for example. But we don't notice time running more slowly in our own reference frame. From our point of view, our clock is ticking along at the right rate, but the clocks aboard our orbiting satellites are ticking more quickly. From the satellite's reference frame, its clocks are ticking at the right rate, but the clocks on Earth are ticking more slowly. Who's right? Both, and neither - it's purely relative. So an observer falling into a black hole sees their own clock ticking along at the right rate, but looking outward, the clocks elsewhere in the universe appear to speed up as the observer falls into the black hole. From the observer's reference frame falling into the black hole, the event horizon falls away toward the singularity as they fall inward, and they never cross it, even when they arrive at the singularity billions of years hence from our reference frame, but perhaps only moments after they started falling in, from their reference frame.

The main reason why I don't think that backward travel in time is possible, is that the actual relativistic relationship (the Lorentz transform) describes the geometry between time and velocity, not time and space. The relationship between the two is a perfect unit circle. At zero relative velocity (zero relative kinetic energy), the rate of time is the same between the two observers: one second per second. As the energy between the two reference frames approaches infinity, the rate of time that you observe for the accelerated observer slows down to almost a standstill. At an infinite relative energy, the observed rate of time between the two reference frames would come to a complete stop. So to go further along this circular curve, and into the region of a negative relative rate of time, the other reference frame would require >infinite energy, which is obviously impossible.

So I expect that the unified field theory will abolish any possibility of backward time travel, once and for all. It's easy to move into the future faster via any form of acceleration. And it's probably possible to move into the future more slowly, once we figure out how to create negative values for the stress-energy tensor. But in both cases you're changing only the rate of time, not the direction of time. "Backwards" doesn't seem to be an option, similar to relative speed - the relative speed between two points can be zero or positive, but there's no such thing as a negative relative speed.

But if there is more than one dimension of time, that could be a different story altogether, because now we'd have a temporal plane to work with. With one dimension of time, there's only the possibility of moving forward along a line. But with a second dimension of time, defining a plane, each point in time would have an additional and infinite degree of freedom in any direction. So you could depart from the original timeline and circle back to an earlier point in time, and create a new branch, a new timeline - you wouldn't be violating causality because your arrival in the past would create a new timeline - leaving the original timeline unchanged, and causality is preserved in both independent timelines. But of course it would require new physics to explain how this motion in a second time dimension could be achieved, if it's possible at all. According to Itzhak Bars' work on 2T-Physics, which he invented, the gauge symmetry of our reality limits motion in a 6D higher-dimensional spacetime, so motion in the second time dimension would be prohibited unless we could find a way to break that gauge symmetry.
 
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nivek

As Above So Below
But it's weird that it moves in one direction,

That's an illusion, time is not linear, but spirals, like the planets that circle the sun that circle the galactic center that move through space...

...
 
That's an illusion, time is not linear, but spirals, like the planets that circle the sun that circle the galactic center that move through space...

...
The motion of planets and stars are already defined as a corkscrew through spacetime, not time alone, so I'm not sure how what you just said changes anything.
 

CasualBystander

Celestial
That's an illusion, time is not linear, but spirals, like the planets that circle the sun that circle the galactic center that move through space...

...

You'll love this. Small scale spirals.



The motion of planets and stars are already defined as a corkscrew through spacetime, not time alone, so I'm not sure how what you just said changes anything.

More chew food. Never thought of it that way. A true graph of 4 dimensional spacetime would be 3 dimensional graph with a time dimension vector (variable length arrows) showing preferred direction and "speed" (rate of time). Sort of like the animations of surface winds but with an extra dimension.
 
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More chew food. Never thought of it that way. A true graph of 4 dimensional spacetime would be 3 dimensional graph with a time dimension vector (variable length arrows) showing preferred direction and "speed" (rate of time). Sort of like the animations of surface winds but with an extra dimension.
Here's a nice visualization of the concept:

 

nivek

As Above So Below
The motion of planets and stars are already defined as a corkscrew through spacetime, not time alone, so I'm not sure how what you just said changes anything.

It may not change anything on the surface but looking at oneself individually moving through time, to realize our personal time also spirals like a corkscrew, it can be measured, observed and mapped, these cycles in our lives, revolutions which brings one back to the same point, like the earth circling the sun, but each time arriving at a different point in space, so as it is in our lives, corkscrewing through life, arriving back at the same point in our life cycles but at a different point in time...People could stop making the same mistakes over and over if they were able to see the cycles in their lives that bring about this and do something about it...In order to do one must first be...The only changes that can come about from this would be on an individual and personal level and that person's perspective on life would also indeed change...At this point though I am beginning to get off topic by entering into another sphere of knowledge...Don't want worlds to collide lol...

...
 
It may not change anything on the surface but looking at oneself individually moving through time, to realize our personal time also spirals like a corkscrew, it can be measured, observed and mapped, these cycles in our lives, revolutions which brings one back to the same point, like the earth circling the sun, but each time arriving at a different point in space, so as it is in our lives, corkscrewing through life, arriving back at the same point in our life cycles but at a different point in time...People could stop making the same mistakes over and over if they were able to see the cycles in their lives that bring about this and do something about it...In order to do one must first be...The only changes that can come about from this would be on an individual and personal level and that person's perspective on life would also indeed change...At this point though I am beginning to get off topic by entering into another sphere of knowledge...Don't want worlds to collide lol...

...
I see what where you're coming from now - we're actually saying the same thing but from different directions. A dear friend of mine was a Pagan healer and she was all about tracking the cycles. I've never been able to figure out if she was psychic, or simply used her knowledge of these cycles to predict the future, or both. But she was never wrong, which blew my mind on more than one occasion.
 

Gambeir

Celestial
People shouldn't be deceived and they should know that there are many competing theories. Do not simply accept for example that the Universe is as described by experts. Be your own expert and look at alternative theories and be your own judge. There are many competing theories to Einsteinian Physics.

As an example one might consider the electric universe theory. That theory contends that there are no black holes, but rather a black hole is a meme marketed by Walt Disney as part of the over~all corrupted science being sold to unsuspecting people searching for truths in the corrupted halls of for profit educational systems. After all, it isn't called dark matter, dark energy, and black holes for nothing. You're being told right up front what this all about: that paying to learn about these ideas is to learn nothing and their whole purpose is to suck up all resources and to lock the minds of those who study this black art such that no other ideas will ever come out of this pit of supposed knowledge.

I'm afraid I have to agree entirely with that assessment.

What you think you know as opposed to what you actually know are two different things of great interest to the ruling powers. Make no mistake about that one, nevertheless, the Universe and our own Galaxy are natural creations operating on the common principles we know here on earth.

Now never mind if aliens are here, because I am about positive they are, but rather my issue is that I'm positive that gravitational control vehicles exist and are in the inventory of the USAF and that what I've seen are not alien ships at all. There's nothing which even remotely evokes any sense of being any more alien than a Lockheed F-117 Steath bomber does. Almost looks like one without the wings.

Why then this complete denial of that potential?

Contrary to the thoughts of some there is a considerable amount of evidence showing that the Germans had been working on a wide range of alternative weapons and energy sources. There are first hand accounts and there are documents from the files of the CIA/OSS who investigated these claims.

I believe this photo was taken at Fort Bliss where the Nazi Scientists recovered under operation paperclip were first kept. Examine the sign closely. Werner von braun is 3rd man in from the right side of the photo. Quite young he was given the rank of General in the German Army so that he and his team would not be interfered with.

vb-nazi2.gif




Some links showing many competing alternative theories to General Relativity.
Alternatives to general relativity - Wikipedia

Brans–Dicke theory - Wikipedia

Scalar–tensor theory - Wikipedia


Now when you examine the history of the legends of the Nazi Scientists work on alternative flying machines what you do find is support for this idea of Nazi Flying Saucers, such as this image taken at Fort Bliss, and where the paperclip scientists sign is of a UFO with a swastika in the center flanked by oxen yokes and with the heading on the sign entitled Billy the Kid. This is more meaningful than one might suppose at first glance. Remember who these people are, where they came from, their new home as arrested outlaws, and so what you're really seeing here is a complete image of who they are as international outlaws, why they were outlaws as the swastika shows, and what they are actually all about which is of course flying saucers, oh but there's more, for the oxen yokes on either side show the true nature of their value as beasts of burden for the rulers> the arrows on the saucer point first one way and then the opposite way. A tug of war over who should own the oxen, and which is of course them, but in the center is their own holy cross and anchor.

If all you're seeing is a sign then you're blind as a bat or stupid. Remember the level of intelligences we are looking at here in this image. Nothing is simple, nothing is done without thought, no random scribblings, no accidental coincidences.
 
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People shouldn't be deceived and they should know that there are many competing theories. Do not simply accept for example that the Universe is as described by experts. Be your own expert and look at alternative theories and be your own judge. There are many competing theories to Einsteinian Physics.
I never said that there weren’t competing theories – I mentioned Einstein-Cartan torsion field theory as a potential competitor earlier (and it includes a spin field, which offers an intriguing prospect of elucidating quantum field theory in the context of a classical theory).

What I said is that all non-metric (and all non-relativistic) theories of gravitation have been ruled out. That’s true. Essentially general relativity (GR) is the simplest theory of gravitation that conforms to all known experimental observations. Competing theories have to replicate these successes, so they’re very similar to general relativity, but add various kinds of “tweaks” to include additional phenomena which may or may not require modifications to our gravitational theory, such as the dark energy and dark matter effects.

We’ve devoted a number of our Physics Frontiers podcasts to discussing alternatives to GR in detail:

Gravitational Alternatives to Dark Energy

f(R) Theories of Gravity

Gravitational Alternatives to Dark Energy

As an example one might consider the electric universe theory.
I’ve looked at that – it’s crap. Electromagnetism is a rank one tensor (aka vector) field theory; it can’t predict the range of phenomena that we find with gravitation, which requires a rank two tensor field theory.

Make no mistake about that one, nevertheless, the Universe and our own Galaxy are natural creations operating on the common principles we know here on earth.
No. The Hubble expansion and the dark energy effect, for example, have no corollary on Earth, so we know that some effects are only detectable at cosmological scales.

Now never mind if aliens are here, because I am about positive they are, but rather my issue is that I'm positive that gravitational control vehicles exist and are in the inventory of the USAF and that what I've seen are not alien ships at all.
Nobody should ever be “positive” about an assumption for which there exists no compelling supporting evidence. You’re merely expressing a belief, and beliefs are bad: there are only two categories of knowledge: the known and the unknown. You don’t know that the USAF has gravitational field technology, you only believe it. Belief is ignorance masquerading as knowledge, and it should avoided like the plague, because it cripples the mind.

There's nothing which even remotely evokes any sense of being any more alien than a Lockheed F-117 Steath bomber does.
I hate to be blunt, but that’s patently absurd. AAVs routinely outperform our most advanced jet aircraft so dramatically that an extraterrestrial explanation appears to be the only rational hypothesis. There’s a reason why nobody’s ever seen a F-117 Stealth bomber hovering silently over their house, and then dart over the horizon like a bullet shot from a rifle.

Contrary to the thoughts of some there is a considerable amount of evidence showing that the Germans had been working on a wide range of alternative weapons and energy sources.
Sure; nobody’s contesting that. The Germans had considered nuclear energy, for example, but they didn’t get anywhere with it, thank god.

But there’s zero evidence that the Nazi’s made any progress with gravitational field technology. It was simply beyond the technological means of their era, as it’s beyond ours now. The Project Paperclip scientists were great at building rocket motors; that's why the Project was created in the first place - to absorb that expertise, and build on it for our own missile programs.

I think it's nutty to look at that Billy the Kid Curio Shop sign and conclude that it's a ufo. But for the sake of argument, even if it was intended to resemble a ufo shape, that's a long shot from suggesting that these guys were actually building ufos: ufos were popular cultural icons and there were a number of sightings around White Sands at that time, so they may have just thought that it would be funny.
 
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Kchoo

At Peace.
Ah, so you're searching for an possible explanation to the Expand'0 planet model Kchoo? If so then I've been there myself and here's what I think in short hand.

In a way you could say so, but really I think that if there is validity to the idea then the energies which create matter would be coming in to planetary bodies from Brikeland Currents. Those are the primary connections to our own star and feed the earth primarily at the polar regions.

I entertained the thought, but a 40 ton Dinosaur is feasible with Earth’s gravity.

Was weaker gravity responsible for large dinosaur size?
 

Kchoo

At Peace.
So, if space is spiraling, and we are able to drive in a straight line down the center of the vortex of space time, we could take a shortcut, and arrive before our friends, who were passively riding on the Toroid?
 
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